Articles on resuscitation, airway, circulation, paediatric emergencies and emergency drugs – reviewed by a physician.
In every tachycardia with a palpable pulse, the question "stable or unstable?" determines further management. This article classifies narrow- and broad-complex tachycardias according to the ERC 2025 tachycardia algorithm and summarises the indications, the technique of synchronised cardioversion and the drug options for clinical practice.
7 min read
Bradycardia becomes an emergency when signs of instability are present. This article summarises the bradycardia algorithm according to ERC 2025: recognising instability, atropine at guideline doses, escalation with adrenaline and the practical use of transcutaneous pacing.
6 min read
Sepsis is often recognised late in the prehospital setting because its cardinal signs are non-specific and scores can neither confirm nor exclude the diagnosis. This article summarises screening, prehospital diagnostics, haemodynamic management and hospital allocation, and identifies where the evidence is limited.
7 min read
In the bleeding trauma patient, the first few minutes determine the course: haemorrhage control, a restrictive fluid strategy and early administration of tranexamic acid work together. This article summarises the prehospital recommendations of the European Trauma Guideline 2023 and the ERC Guidelines 2025.
7 min read
Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the central drug in the treatment of anaphylaxis. This article summarises dosing by age and weight, the repeat interval, the criteria for intravenous administration and adjunctive therapy for clinical use.
6 min read
Noradrenaline is the standard vasopressor in the emergency department, resuscitation room, operating theatre and intensive care unit, yet errors frequently arise where dilution, infusion rate and vascular access meet. This article sets out the standard dilution, a weight-based infusion rate table and the key safety rules for the noradrenaline syringe pump.
7 min read
