For healthcare professionals. This information does not replace clinical judgement in the individual case; the current summary of product characteristics and the guidelines cited are authoritative.
Medically reviewed: Dr. med. univ. Daniel Pehböck, DESA, 03.11.2026
Acute coronary syndrome: Key symptoms, 12-lead ECG – STEMI criteria, Prehospital treatment (STEMI and NSTE-ACS), Reperfusion in STEMI, NSTE-ACS, Cardiogenic shock – concise for emergency, anaesthesia and intensive care teams, with sources and medically reviewed.
What the chapter covers
- Key symptoms
- 12-lead ECG – STEMI criteria
- Prehospital treatment (STEMI and NSTE-ACS)
- Reperfusion in STEMI
- NSTE-ACS
- Cardiogenic shock
- Arrhythmias and cardiac arrest
- Destination hospital and pre-alert
- Differential diagnoses
Complete in the app
Weight-based doses in mg and ml, tables, algorithms and calculators – also offline, on phone, tablet and PC. Try full access free for 7 days.
Drugs in this chapter
- Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
- Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)
- Morphine
- Fentanyl
- Heparin (unfractionated)
- Enoxaparin
- Tenecteplase
- Noradrenaline (norepinephrine)
- Dobutamine
Sources and guidelines
- Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2023;44:3720–3826.
- Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes.
- O'Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2013;127:e362–e425.
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie.
- Mills NL, Newby LK, Zaman S et al. Fifth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2026). Joint ESC/ACC/AHA/WHF Task Force for the Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. Eur Heart J 2026 (online 08/2026); zeitgleich J Am Coll Cardiol 2026;88:1314–1368 (doi 10.1016/j.jacc.2026.07.025) und Circulation 2026 (doi 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001477). Nennt u. a. Verschlussmuster (De Winter, Wellens, posteriorer Infarkt, Aslanger) und modifizierte Sgarbossa-Kriterien bei Linksschenkelblock/Schrittmacher.
- Lott C et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2025: Special Circumstances in Resuscitation. Resuscitation 2025;215 Suppl 1:110753.
- ESC Scientific Document Group. 2026 ESC Guidelines for the management of heart failure. Eur Heart J 2026;47(38):5346 (online 08/2026)
- McDonagh TA et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2021;42:3599–3726; 2023 Focused Update, Eur Heart J 2023;44:3627–3639.
- Summaries of product characteristics of authorised products – product and section for each dose in the app.